Reform Within Islam (Ciltli) _{The Tajdid and Jadid Movement Among the Kazan Tatars Conciliation or Conflict? (1809-1917)}

While Tatar reformism has attracted many scholars, its religious aspect has been neglected. A misleading portrait of the Tatar reformers is conveyed, by either underestimating their impact or overlooking their religious concerns. This study, therefore, is primarily concerned with the revivalist aspect of the Tatar renaissance and the effectiveness of the reformist Tatar "ulama" in the transitional period of Tatar society.